Bones:
The knee joint is made up of the thigh bone (femur), the shin bone (tibia) and the smaller bone that runs alongside the tibia (fibula) and the kneecap (patella).
Cartilage:
Cartilage is the slippery tissue in between joints, on either ends of bones. There are two types of cartilage in the knee: articular and meniscus. Articular cartilage covers the ends of the femur, tibia, and back of the patella to provide a slippery surface to help the knee bones glide against each other smoothly while bending or straightening the leg. The meniscus are two pieces of cartilage that act as a shock absorber. It is located between the femur and tibia. It gives a cushioning effect on the joint and stabilises it.
Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure of diagnosing several knee problems such as torn meniscus, a misaligned patella, or even repair ligaments of the joint. It allows surgeons to observe the knee joint without any large incisions.
An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the main ligaments that joins the thigh bone to the shin bone of the knee. It offers rotational stability to the knee and prevents the tibia from sliding in front of the femur.
Shoulder arthroscopy is a surgical procedure that involves the use of an arthroscope, a small camera, to inspect and repair the tissues within or surrounding the shoulder joint.
Total Hip Replacement is used to treat degenerative arthritis in the hip joint. During the surgical procedure, both damaged surfaces of the hip joint are replaced with a prosthetic joint.
The goal of fracture fixation is to stabilize the fractured bone, and to enable fast healing of the injured bone. It also aims to help you return early mobility and full function of the injured extremity. Fractures can be treated conservatively or with external and internal fixation. Conservative fracture treatment consists of closed reduction to restore the bone alignment.
Total knee replacement is a surgical intervention for those with diseased knees to be replaced with artificial material typically metal lining to restore the joint functionality.